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ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK OFWater & Wastewater Treatment

ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK OFWater & Wastewater Treatment

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    Wastewater treatment is closely related to the standards and expectations set for the effluent quality. Wastewater treatment processes are designed to achieve improvements in the quality of the wastewater. This illustrated guide is an overview of approaches to protecting water quality with an emphasis on fundamental principles. The principal objective of wastewater treatment is generally to allow human and industrial effluents to be disposed of without danger to human health or unacceptable damage to the natural environment. Irrigation with wastewater is both disposal and utilization and indeed is an effective form of wastewater disposal.

Water is one of the most important substances on earth. All plants and animals must have water to survive. If there was no water there would be no life on earth. With two thirds of the earth?s surface covered by water and the human body consisting of 75 percent of it, it is evidently clear that water is one of the prime elements responsible for life on earth. Water treatment is a process of making water suitable for its application or returning its natural state. Thus, water treatment required before and after its application. The required treatment depends on the application. Wastewater is used water. It includes substances such as human waste, food scraps, oils, soaps and chemicals. In homes, this includes water from sinks, showers, bathtubs, toilets, washing machines and dishwashers. Businesses and industries also contribute their share of used water that must be cleaned. Wastewater also includes storm runoff. Although some people assume that the rain that runs down the street during a storm is fairly clean, it isn?t. Harmful substances that wash off roads, parking lots, and rooftops can harm our rivers and lakes. The purpose of a sewage collection system is to remove wastewater from points of origin to a treatment facility or place of disposal. It is necessary that the collection system be designed so that the sewage will reach the treatment system as soon as possible after entering the sewer. If the length of time in the sewers is too long, the sewage will be anaerobic when it reaches the treatment facilities.

Illustrated Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment is intended to provide a comprehensive information on the treatment of water and wastewater for municipal, sanitary and industrial applications, focusing on unit operations and processes that serve the broadest range of users. Across the world, there continues to be huge volumes of wastewater pumped directly into rivers, streams and the ocean itself. The impact of this is severe ? aside from the damage to the marine environment and to fisheries it can cause, it does little to preserve water at a time when many are predicting that a global shortage is just around the corner. Basic wastewater treatment facilities reduce organic and suspended solids to limit pollution to the environment. Advancement in needs and technology have necessitated the evolving of treatment processes that remove dissolved matter and toxic substances. Currently, the advancement of scientific knowledge and moral awareness has led to a reduction of discharges through pollution prevention and recycling, with the noble goal of zero discharge of pollutants. Treatment technology includes physical, biological, and chemical methods. Residual substances removed or created by treatment processes must be dealt with and reused or disposed of in a safe way. The purified water is discharged to surface water or ground water. Residuals, called sludges or biosolids, may be reused by carefully controlled composting or land application. Sometimes they are incinerated.

Illustrated Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment provides graduate and undergraduate students engineering approaches to protecting water quality with an emphasis on fundamental principles. Theory and conceptual design of systems for treating municipal wastewater and drinking water are discussed, as well as process kinetics and models.